Around 57.1% of the variance of demoralization could be explained by these four variables. Furthermore, cognitive and supportive therapies may change patients' negative disease cognition and understand their beliefs about the meaning of life.Īccording to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, marital status, employment status, anxiety, and depression had significant correlations with demoralization. Therefore, clinical health-care providers might regularly monitor demoralization among dialysis patients, as this would help in understanding how demoralization changes throughout the disease process. Long-term regular dialysis therapy can negatively affect their social, financial, and psychological well-being. Although dialysis is an acceptable mode of renal replacement therapy, it does have its limitations, which include lower life expectancy, risk of infections, and metabolic disorders. A previous study showed that demoralization is associated with stress and adverse health outcomes. The dimension with the highest score was distress and coping ability, indicating that the dialysis patients in this study were relatively dysphoria, disheartenment, and had a sense of incompetence. The total mean DS-II score in the present sample (11.87) was found higher than a study of 211 patients with cancer or other progressive diseases who were receiving palliative care (mean, 7.64 ). Findings from multiple linear regression indicated that demoralization was positively correlated with marital status ( β = 0.141 P = 0.001), employment status ( β = 0.113 P = 0.006), anxiety ( β = 0.393 P 11. Dialysis patients had a high level of demoralization. Results: The mean standard deviation DS-II score was 11.87 (7.72). The main analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 278 dialysis patients from a tertiary hospital participated in a cross-sectional descriptive study using a structured questionnaire including assessments of demographic data, Demoralization Scale-II (DS-II), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The current study identified the key deregulated genes and pathways involved in the CH, which could shed new light to understand the mechanism of CH.Īnalyse d’enrichissement des voies de signalization analyse d’enrichissement fonctionnel cardiac hypertrophy differentially expressed genes functional enrichment analysis gènes exprimés de manière différentielle hypertrophie cardiaque isoprenaline isoprénaline pathway enrichment analysis.Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the demoralization level of dialysis patients in China and analyze the influencing factors. Additionally, the expression of Mfap4, Ltbp2, Aspn, Serpina3n, and Cnksr1 were upregulated in the model of CH, while the expression of Anp32a was downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis found that the common DEGs were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix receptor interaction, phagosome, and focal adhesion.
Gene ontology term enrichment analysis suggested that common upregulated DEG were mainly enriched in neutrophil chemotaxis, extracellular fibril organization, and cell proliferation and the common downregulated genes were significantly enriched in ion transport, endoplasmic reticulum, and dendritic spine. A total of 113 common DEGs with absolute fold change > 0.5, including 60 significantly upregulated DEGs and 53 downregulated DEGs, were obtained. Furthermore, the top DEGs were further validated using quantitative PCR in the hypertrophic heart tissue induced by isoprenaline. mRNA microarray data sets GSE5500 and GSE18801 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the Limma package then, functional and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for common DEGs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery database. The aim of this study was to identify the key genes involved in the cardiac hypertrophy (CH) induced by pressure overload.
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